| Gale W. McGee | |
|---|---|
| United States Senator from Wyoming |
|
| In office January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1977 |
|
| Preceded by | Frank A. Barrett |
| Succeeded by | Malcolm Wallop |
| 9th United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States | |
| In office 1977–1981 |
|
| President | Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | William S. Mailliard |
| Succeeded by | J. William Middendorf |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 17, 1915 Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Died | April 9, 1992 (aged 77) Washington, D.C. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Loraine Baker McGee (died March 21, 2006) |
| Religion | Presbyterian |
Gale William McGee (March 17, 1915 – April 9, 1992) was a United States Senator of the Democratic Party, and United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States (OAS). He represented Wyoming in the United States Senate from 1959 until 1977; as of 2011, he is the last Democrat to have been elected to a Senate seat from that state.
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McGee was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, on March 17, 1915. He attended public schools, and had planned to study law at university, but was forced by the Great Depression to attend the State Teachers College in Wayne, Nebraska, instead. He graduated from the Teachers College in 1936, and worked as a high school teacher while studying for a master's degree in history at the University of Colorado. He continued as a college instructor at Nebraska Wesleyan University, Iowa State College, and Notre Dame. In 1946 McGee received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Chicago and accepted a position as a professor of American History at the University of Wyoming. McGee also served as chair of the University of Wyoming’s Institute of International Affairs, which he founded. In addition, McGee took leave of the University of Wyoming to serve as a Carnegie Research Fellow in New York with the Council on Foreign Relations from 1952 to 1953.
Active in Democratic Party politics, McGee was asked to run for the United States Congress in 1950 but declined saying he wanted to get more in touch with Wyoming and its people. In 1955–1956 he took a leave of absence from the university to work as top aide to Wyoming Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney.
In 1958 McGee left the university to make his bid for the U.S. Senate, running on a program of youth and new ideas. His campaign even attracted the attention of Eleanor Roosevelt, who conducted a national fund-raising drive for him.[1] He won a very tight race against incumbent Frank A. Barrett by making campaign stops in almost every town in Wyoming. He was a member of the Democratic class of 1958 which was elected in the middle of President Eisenhower's term. After his victory he was appointed to the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee and to the prestigious Appropriations Committee, the first freshman senator to so be honored.
In 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated Lewis Strauss to serve as Secretary of Commerce. Previously, Mr. Strauss had served in numerous government positions in Administrations of Presidents Truman and Eisenhower. At the time, the 13 previous nominees for this Cabinet position won Senate confirmation in an average of eight days.[2] Because of both personal and professional disagreements, Senator Clinton Presba Anderson took up the cause to make sure that Mr. Strauss would not be confirmed by the Senate. Senator Anderson found an ally in McGee on the Senate Commerce Committee, which had jurisdiction over Mr. Strauss' confirmation. During and after the Senate hearings, Senator McGee had charged that Mr. Strauss with "a brazen attempt to hoodwink" the committee.[3] After 16 days of hearings the Committee recommended Mr. Strauss' confirmation to the full Senate by a vote of 9-8. In preparation for the floor debate on the nomination, the Democratic majority's main argument against the nomination was that Mr. Strauss' statements before the Committee were "sprinkled with half truths and even lies...and that under rough and hostile questioning, [he] can be evasive and quibblesome."[4] Despite an overwhelming Democratic majority, the 86th United States Congress was not able to accomplish much of their agenda since the President had immense popularity and a veto pen.[5] With the 1960 elections nearing, congressional Democrats sought issues on which they could conspicuously oppose the Republican administration. The Strauss nomination proved tailor made.[6]
On June 19, 1959 just after midnight, the Strauss nomination failed by a vote 46-49. At the time, It marked only the eighth time in U.S. history that a Cabinet appointee had failed to be confirmed.[7]
From Harper's Magazine[8]:
By nature of their service together in the Senate, Senator McGee continued to enjoy a good relationship with President Kennedy while in the White House. President Kennedy provided a recorded tribute to Senator McGee for a dinner in the Senator’s honor in Wyoming in July 1963. President Kennedy referred to him as “an old friend” and that Senator McGee was “an asset and a leader in this country.” [Source JFK Library http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHA-204-007.aspx]
As part of a nationwide tour in September 1963, President Kennedy made a stop in Cheyenne, WY [Source JFK Library http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHA-227-001.aspx] Senator McGee, as is protocol for a United States Senator, escorted the President throughout his travels in Wyoming. In a video of the President’s tour (at the 4 minute, 50 second mark), Senator McGee can be seen coming off Air Force One with President Kennedy upon arrival in Laramie [Source JFK Library http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHF-WHN7.aspx]. The President then delivered remarks at the University of Wyoming [Source JFK Library http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHA-222-002.aspx].
In 1964 McGee was re-elected to the Senate. In his second term he was appointed to the Foreign Relations Committee and became chairman of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee. During this period Gale McGee supported President Lyndon B. Johnson's views on the Vietnam War. Johnson strongly considered appointing Senator McGee to be Ambassador to the UN after the resignation of Arthur Goldberg.[9]
He believed in the policy of containing communism, and his pro-military views were accented by his firm support for foreign aid. McGee often took a liberal position on domestic issues and an internationalist stand on foreign affairs.
In 1970 he was elected to a third term in the Senate and continued to be a leading member of the committees on which he served. McGee was a voice of moderation in the affairs of the Watergate scandal and the impeachment proceedings of President Richard Nixon. Against the wishes of his constituents, McGee fought hard for gas rationing and the 55-mile per hour speed limit in the era of the first Arab oil embargoes.
In his 1976 bid for a fourth term, McGee was easily defeated by Republican challenger Malcolm Wallop. The margin of defeat was almost ten percentage points.
Among the major laws he has authored include an amendment that prevented a Nationwide rail strike in 1963, the act that created the National Commission on Food Marketing, and the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970. As chair of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee, McGee’s efforts led to greater equity in pay and benefits for those federal workers. McGee also specialized in problems of appropriations and foreign relations while serving on subcommittees and lobbied for legislation to allow voter registration by mail.
McGee was also the author of The Responsibilities of World Power, published in 1968. The work warned against isolationism and urged the United States to accept its power and position imposed upon it in the aftermath of World War II. McGee further argued that the U.S. had a responsibility to be a Pacific power, to act as a counterweight to China, and to support free nations in their efforts to remain nonaligned or western allies but not to fall into the communist fold. The work was nominated for a Woodrow Wilson Foundation award.
A long-time supporter of the United Nations, McGee was appointed by President Richard Nixon to a four-member congressional delegation to represent the United States at the United Nation’s 27th General Assembly in 1972.
In 1976 Malcolm Wallop defeated McGee in his attempt at a fourth term. He became involved in Latin American affairs while serving as chair of the Western Hemisphere Affairs subcommittee of the Foreign Relations Committee and in 1977 McGee was appointed by President Jimmy Carter as United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States, a position he held until 1981. During that time he headed the U.S. Delegation to four OAS assemblies and lobbied for the 1978 Panama Canal Treaty.
In September 1981, Gale W. McGee Associates, a consulting firm specializing in international and public affairs activities was formed with its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The firm offered a broad range of political and economic services to both domestic and international companies with a special emphasis on developing new business opportunities with the nations of Latin America and in the Caribbean. McGee later served as president of the American League for Exports and Security Assistance, Inc. in 1986, a senior consultant at Hill & Knowlton, Inc. from 1987 to 1989, and was also president of the consulting firm of Moss, McGee, Bradley, Kelly & Foley, which was created with former U.S. Senator Frank Moss.[10]
McGee married Loraine Baker in 1939 and together they had four children: David, Robert, Mary Gale and Lori Ann. Senator McGee died on April 9, 1992, in Washington, D.C. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery.
In January 2007, the Wyoming congressional delegation introduced federal legislation (H.R. 335, S. 219) to rename the U.S. Post Office in Laramie, Wyoming as the "Gale W. McGee Post Office." The United States House of Representatives passed the legislation by voice vote on January 29, 2007. The United States Senate passed the legislation by Unanimous consent on February 7, 2007. The President signed the bill into law on March 7, 2007.[11]
•Gale McGee Papers at the University of Wyoming
| United States Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Frank A. Barrett |
United States Senator (Class 1) from Wyoming 1959–1977 Served alongside: Joseph C. O'Mahoney, John J. Hickey, Milward L. Simpson, Clifford P. Hansen |
Succeeded by Malcolm Wallop |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by William S. Mailliard |
Permanent Representative of the United States to the Organization of American States 1977–1981 |
Succeeded by J. William Middendorf, II |
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